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1 порядок принятия
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2 порядок принятия
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3 порядок принятия
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4 порядок принятия
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > порядок принятия
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5 порядок принятия
1) Law: method of adoption2) Diplomatic term: method of adoption (решений и т.п.) -
6 метод
method, process, procedure, approach, technique, practice, tool, strategy• Безо всяких изменений данный метод подходит для... - The method lends itself readily to...• Более подходящим методом является... - A better technique is to...• Более прямой метод получения величины F рассматривается в главе 9. - A more direct procedure for obtaining F is considered in Chapter 9.• Более подходящим методом является определение... - A more satisfactory method is to establish...• Большинство из этих более продвинутых методов требует... - Most of these more advanced methods require...• Были предложены несколько методов. - Several techniques have been suggested.• Было довольно нелегко разработать метод для... - It was fairly difficult to develop a method for...• Было довольно сложно разработать метод для... - It was quite difficult to develop a method for...• Было легко разработать метод для... - It was easy to develop a method for...• Было относительно легко (= просто) разработать метод для... - It was relatively easy to develop a method for... (not easy on an absolute scale, but less challenging than other tasks)• Было почти невозможно разработать метод для... - It was almost impossible to develop a method for... (so hard that we nearly failed)• В альтернативном методе мы вычисляем... - In the alternative method we calculate...• В данной главе мы представим метод для... - In this chapter, we shall formulate the procedure for...• В данном приближенном методе существенно... - In this approximation procedure it is essential to...• В качестве примера применения описанного выше метода мы показываем, что... - As an example of the method described above we show that...• В недавние годы этот метод был улучшен посредством использования (чего-л). - In recent years the subject has been enriched by the use of...• В основном мы следуем методу... - In essence we follow the procedure of...• В последние годы несколько авторов отказались от этого метода. - Several authors have, in recent years, departed from this procedure.• В своих основных чертах это был метод, использовавшийся Смитом [1]. - In essence, this was the method employed by Smith [1].• В соответствии с методом, намеченным в Главе 1, мы... - In accordance with the method outlined in Chapter 1, we...• В этой главе мы даем эффективный метод... - In this chapter we give an efficient method for...• Вместо этого давайте разработаем (один) общий метод, посредством которого... - Instead, let us develop a general method whereby...• Во многих случаях необходимо обращаться за помощью к приближенным методам. - In many cases it is necessary to resort to approximate methods.• Возможно, безопасно применить метод... к... - It is probably safe to apply the method of... to...•Возможно, наилучшим методом является... - Perhaps the best approach is to...• Все вышеупомянутые методы не применимы для малых х. - The foregoing methods all fail for small x.• Второй метод вывода уравнения (1) формулируется следующим образом. - A second method of obtaining (1) is as follows.• Второй метод точно согласуется с... - The latter method agrees precisely with...• Вышеуказанным методом обнаружено (= найдено), что... - By the above method it is found that...• Геометрически метод состоит в следующем. - Geometrically, the procedure is as follows.• Главное преимущество данного метода заключается в том, что... - The chief advantage of the method is that...• Главным преимуществом данного метода является его общность. - The principal advantage of the method is its generality.• Главным преимуществом данного метода по сравнению с традиционными является то, что... - The major advantage of this procedure over the traditional method is that...• Главным преимуществом данного метода является его простота. - The principal virtue of the method is its simplicity.• Далее, в данном методе заранее предполагается, что... - Further, the method presupposes...• Данное свойство является основой одного метода нахождения... - This property provides one method of determining...• Данный метод был предложен в статье [1]. - The method was suggested by Smith, et al. [1].• Данный метод намного точнее, чем... - The present method is much more precise than...• Данный метод не применим для/в... - The method does not apply to...• Данный метод невозможно применить, когда/ если... - The method is not applicable when...• Данный метод одинаково успешно можно применять к... - The method can equally well be applied to...• Данный метод особенно подходит в случае, когда... - The method is particularly appropriate when...• Данный метод позволяет... - The method enables one to...• Данный метод позволяет исследователю... - The method allows an investigator to...• Данный метод применим к широкому классу (в широком классе)... - The method is applicable to a large class of...• Данный метод прост и довольно интересен, однако... - This method is simple and quite interesting, but...• Данный отчет описывает новый метод... - This report describes a new method of...• Данным методом можно решить ряд важных практических задач. - This method enables us to solve several problems of practical importance.• Детали этого метода можно найти в [1]. - Details of the method can be found in Smith [1].• Для... можно применить несколько методов. - Several methods are available for...• Для получения... был использован ряд методов. - A number of methods have been used to obtain...• Для преодоления этой трудности был разработан один метод. - One method has been advanced for overcoming this difficulty.• Должны быть развиты методы для измерения... - Methods should be developed for measuring...• Достоинство этого метода состоит в том, что... - The advantage of the method is that...• Другим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The other disadvantage of this procedure is that...; Another disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Его метод доказательства весьма оригинален. - The method of proof is quite ingenious.• Единственный доступный нам в настоящее время метод - это... - The only method available to us so far is...• Единственным известным недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The only known disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Еще одним методом является... - Still another approach is to...• Здесь рассматривается (один) общий метод получения этих решений. - A general method of obtaining these solutions is considered here.• Важность наших методов состоит в том, что они будут давать... - The significance of our methods is that they will yield...• Значительно более удобный метод состоит в том, что... - A far more convenient approach is to...• Имеются два обычно используемых метода для... - There are two commonly used methods for...• Имеются три метода решения такой задачи. - There are three ways of attacking such a problem.• Интересным альтернативным методом является следующий. - An interesting alternative procedure is as follows.• Используя данный метод, следует помнить, что... - In using this method it is well to remember that...• Используя любой подобный метод, необходимо (помнить и т. п.)... - With any method such as this it is necessary to...• Используя этот метод, они нашли, что... - Using the method, they found that...; Using the method, they learned that...; Using the method, they determined that...; Using the method, they discovered that...• Используя этот новый метод, мы можем... - By this new method it will be possible to...• Итак, мы наметим несколько методов, которые могут использоваться для того, чтобы... - We therefore outline some procedures which can be used to...• К сожалению, этот метод оказался неприменим. - Unfortunately, the method was not applicable; The method, unfortunately, was not applicable.• К счастью, имеется один простой и подходящий для этого метод. - Fortunately, there is a simple technique available for doing this.• Каков недостаток этого метода? - What is the disadvantage of this procedure?• Каковы преимущества данного метода? - What are the advantages of this procedure?• Конечно, это могло бы быть следствием неподходящих методов. - Of course, this could reflect the use of inappropriate methods.• Конечно, этот метод не всегда применим. - Of course, this method will not always work.• Коротко, мы будем интересоваться методами, которые... - In short, we will inquire into the ways in which...• Кратко опишем метод для его оценки. - A method for estimating this will be given shortly.• Метод... должен быть применен к/в... - The method of... should apply to...• Метод... мог бы быть надежно применен для... - The method of... could safely be applied to,..• Метод анализа, намеченный в предыдущем абзаце, показывает... - The method of analysis outlined in the last paragraph shows...• Метод может использоваться для оценки... - The method can be used to estimate...• Метод обладает очевидным преимуществом... - The method possesses the obvious advantage of...• Метод основывается на принципе, что... - This method is based on the principle that...• Метод перестает быть достаточно точным, если... - The method ceases to be reasonably accurate if...• Метод состоит в следующем. - The procedure is as follows.• Метод состоит из двух шагов. - The approach is in two steps.• Метод требует от пользователя обеспечить... - The method requires the user to provide...• Метод, который здесь описывается, требует... - The method to be described here involves...• Метод, который мы описали, в общем случае не подходит для... - The procedure we have described is not, in general, suitable for...• Метод, приведенный в этом параграфе, подобным образом может быть применен к... - The method of sections may be applied in a similar way to...• Метод, с помощью которой это было получено, известен как... - The technique by which this is achieved is known as...• Методы, которые мы рассмотрели, позволяют нам... - The methods we have considered enable us to...• Можно использовать множество методов. Например,... - A variety of methods may be employed, e. g.,...• Можно ожидать, что метод обеспечит нахождение по меньшей мере одного корня. - The method can be expected to provide at least one root.• Мы будем придерживаться этого метода. - We shall follow this method.• Мы ввели широкий класс методов решения... - We have introduced a wide range of procedures for solving...• Мы можем обратить метод и вывести, что... - We can reverse the process and deduce that...• Мы наметим в общих чертах метод, основанный на... - We will outline a procedure based on...• Мы откладываем обсуждение подобных методов до параграфа 5. - We defer the discussion of such methods to Section 5.• Мы принимаем полностью отличный от данного метод. - We adopt an entirely different method.• Мы проиллюстрируем данный метод для случая... - We shall illustrate the procedure for the case of...• Мы считаем, что метод... можно применять к/в... - We believe that the method of... is applicable to...• Мы увидим, что эти методы могут использоваться лишь тогда, когда... - It will be observed that these methods are only applicable when...• Мы упоминаем лишь два таких метода... - We mention only two such methods of...• На данный метод часто ссылаются как на... - This process is often referred to as...• На самом деле оба метода используются на практике. - Both methods are in fact used in practice.• На сегодняшний день важность этого метода заключается в том, что... - For the present, the significance of this process lies in the fact that...• Наиболее важным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - The primary advantage of this procedure is that...• Наиболее просто следовать этому методу в случае... - The procedure is most simply followed for the case of...• Наиболее часто используемые методы перечислены ниже:... - The methods that are most often used follow:...• Наиболее широко используемые методы основываются на... - The techniques most widely used are based on...• Наиболее широко используемый метод это тот, что был введен Смитом [1]. - The method most commonly employed is that introduced by Smith [1].• Наш метод будет весьма существенно отличаться от данного. - Our procedure will be quite different from this.• Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...• Не существует систематического метода определения... - There is no systematic way of determining...• Недостатком данного метода является то, что он требует... - The disadvantage of this procedure is that it requires...• Недостаток этого метода можно видеть... - The flaw in this approach can be seen by...• Несколько методов анализа были введены с помощью... - Several methods of analysis are introduced by means of...• Ни один из этих методов не требует... - Neither of these methods requires...• Ниже описываются два подобных метода. - Two such methods are described below.• Обнаружилось, что данный метод (здесь) не приложим. - It turned out that the method was not applicable.• Обнаружилось, что данный метод успешно используется в широкой области... - The method is found to be successful on a wide range of...• Обычно считают, что Смит [1] положил начало этому методу. - Smith [1] is usually credited with originating this method.• Обычным методом является измерение... - A common procedure is to measure...• Один такой несколько искусственный метод занимается... - One such trick is concerned with...• Одна элегантная версия данного метода использует... - An elegant version of this method employs...• Однако данный метод требует предварительного знания... - However, this method presupposes a knowledge of...• Однако лучше всего ввести этот метод, рассматривая... - However, the method is best introduced by considering...• Однако метод может не сработать даже при отсутствии... - However, the procedure may fail even in the absence of...• Однако мы воспользуемся здесь более общим методом, разработанным Воровичем [1]. - But we shall follow here a more general method due to Vorovich [1].• Однако мы легко можем разработать метод для... - We can, however, easily devise a means for...• Однако решения все еще могут быть получены при помощи чисто численных методов. - Solutions can still be obtained, however, by resorting to purely numerical methods.• Однако существует стандартный метод работы с... - However, there is a standard method of dealing with...• Однако этот метод не работает, будучи примененным к... - This approach, however, breaks down when applied to...• Однако этот метод совершенно не удовлетворяет нашим целям. - This procedure, however, falls far short of our goal.• Одним из преимуществ этого метода является то, что... - One advantage of this procedure is that...• Одним общим недостатком данного метода является наличие... - One common drawback of this method is the presence of...• Оказывается, данный метод первоначально появился в работах Смита [1]. - The method appears to have originated in the works of Smith [1].• Описанная выше процедура представляет один строгий метод... - The procedure described above represents a rigorous method of...• Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...• Описанный здесь метод всегда приводит... - The procedure described here always yields...• Основной слабостью метода является... - The main weakness of the method is...• Отличительным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - A distinct advantage of the procedure is that...• Отличный от вышеупомянутого метод был предложен Джонсом [1]. - A different method has been given by Jones [1].• Перед этим не имелось общепризнанного метода... - Prior to this, there was no generally accepted method of...• Подобные методы могут использоваться в более сложных ситуациях. - Similar methods may be employed in more complicated cases.• Подобный метод был рассмотрен Смитом [1], который... - Such a procedure has been considered by Smith [1], who...• Подобный метод может быть принят, когда... - A similar method may be adopted when...• Подобный метод применяется к/в... - A similar method applies to...• Пользуясь такими методами, мы можем избежать... - By such expediencies we can avoid...• Потенциальное преимущество данного метода состоит в том, что... - A potential advantage of this procedure lies in the fact that...• Поэтому мы применяем слегка модифицированный метод. - We therefore adopt a slightly different method.• Предпочтительным, однако, является метод... - The preferred method, however, is to...• Преимущество этого метода заключается в том, что... - The advantage of this method lies in the fact that...• Преимущество этого метода, следовательно, состоит в том, что он обеспечивает простой... - The advantage < this procedure, therefore, is that it provides a simple...• Применение данного метода ограничено... - The application of this method is confined to...• Применение данного метода показывает... - An application of this process shows...• Применение данного специального метода оправдано (чем-л). - The adoption of this particular method is justified by...• Проиллюстрируем общий метод, рассматривая... - We illustrate the general method by considering...• Рассматриваемые до сих пор методы касаются... - The methods considered so far have been concerned with...• Результаты всех этих методов согласуются с... - The results of all these methods are consistent with...• Решающим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The crucial disadvantage of this procedure is that...• С другой стороны, этот метод даст... - On the other hand, this method will give...• Открытие Смита сделало возможным новый метод... - Smith's discovery made possible a new method of...• Самым простым из таких методов является (метод)... - The simplest such method is...• Следовательно, необходимо развить общий метод для... - It is, therefore, necessary to devise a general method for...• Следует подчеркнуть, что этот метод должен использоваться только если... - It is to be emphasized that this method should be used only; if...• Следует уделить внимание методам... - Attention should be given to methods of...• Следующее рассуждение иллюстрирует метод... - The following treatment illustrates the method of...• Следующим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - A further disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Смит [lj обнаружил метод для... - Smith [1] discovered a method for...• Смит [1] предложил метод вычисления... - Smith [l] has proposed a method of calculating...• Смит [1] применил этот метод к... - Smith [1] has applied this method to.,.• Стандартным методом является следующий. - The standard procedure is as follows.• Таким образом, мы имеем метод, который позволяет... - Thus we have a method which yields...• Тем не менее, развитые нами методы обеспечивают основу для... - However, the methods we have developed provide a basis for...• Теперь мы (полностью) готовы использовать методы, разработанные во втором параграфе. - We are now ready to use the methods of Section 2.• Теперь мы обсудим систематические методы, которые f можно использовать в/ при... - We now discuss systematic methods which can be applied to...• Теперь мы применим метод Римана, чтобы... - We now apply Riemann's method in order to...• Только что описанный метод известен как... - The procedure we have described is known as...• Тот же метод можно применять в/к... - The same method may be applied to...• Удобным методом достижения необходимой цели является... - A convenient way to accomplish this is to...• Усовершенствованные экспериментальные методы сделали возможным... - Refined experimental methods have made it possible to...• Фундаментальным преимуществом этого метода является то, что... - A fundamental advantage of this procedure is that...• Хотя этот метод и несколько необычен, он справедлив (= работает) как и любой из известных методов. - Although this method is somewhat unorthodox, it is as valid as any of the more familiar methods.• Центральной идеей, на которой основывался подход Смита [1], была... - The essential idea behind Smith's approach was that...• Чтобы воспользоваться преимуществами данного метода, необходимо... - In order to take advantage of this procedure, one must...• Чтобы проиллюстрировать применение метода, мы... - То illustrate the process we...• Эдисон изобрел новый метод для... - Edison invented a new method for...• Эдисон обдумывал новый метод для... - Edison devised a new method for...• Эти методы вводятся в следующем параграфе. - These methods are introduced in the next section.• Эти методы весьма громоздки. - These processes are tedious.• Эти методы настолько чувствительны, что... - These methods are so sensitive that...• Эти методы нельзя применять в случае, когда... - These methods are not applicable in the case of...• Эти методы очень чувствительны к малым изменениям в... - These methods are very sensitive to small changes in...• Эти методы получают своих сторонников, так как... - These methods attract proponents because...• Этим методом (= На этом пути) мы можем получить (вывести и т. п.)... - In this way we can arrive at...• Это будет объяснено примерами, когда мы будем изучать метод... - This point will be clarified by examples when we study the method of...• Это известный метод, принятый во многих работах... - This is a familiar procedure, undertaken in many studies of...• Это иллюстрирует важный метод... - This illustrates an important method of...• Это можно увидеть двумя методами. - This can be seen in two ways.• Это несущественный недостаток метода, поскольку... - This is not a serious defect of the method because...• Это приводит к полезным методам обращения с... - This leads to useful ways of dealing with...• Это простой метод, который можно проиллюстрировать, рассматривая... - This is a simple procedure which can be illustrated by considering...• Этот метод аналогичен использованному в... - The procedure is similar to that used in...• Этот метод был описан Смитом [1]. - The method has been described by Smith [1].• Этот метод был последовательно доведен до полной эффективности Смитом [3]. - This method was subsequently brought to full fruition by Smith [3].• Этот метод вполне очевиден. - This procedure is quite straightforward.• Этот метод доказательства довольно общий и применим к... - The method of proof is quite general and applies to...• Этот метод известен как... - The procedure is known as...• Этот метод имеет следующие недостатки. - The procedure has the following disadvantages.• Этот метод интересен по следующей причине. - This method is of interest for the following reason.• Этот метод легко адаптируется к/ для... - This procedure is readily adaptable to...• Этот метод легко понять, замечая, что... - The process is easily understood by noting that...• Этот метод лучше всего иллюстрируется примером. - The procedure is best illustrated by an example.• Этот метод наиболее успешен в случае, когда он применяется в... - The method is most successful when applied to...• Этот метод очевидным образом может быть распространен на (случай)... - This process can clearly be extended to...• Этот метод принимается, поскольку... - This approach is adopted because...• Этот метод являлся стандартным в течение многих лет. Несмотря на более новые разработки он будет использоваться и далее. - This approach has been standard for many years, and will continue to be of great use regardless of newer developments.• Этот технически простой метод действительно требует... - This technically simple method does require... -
7 amplio
adj.1 ample, extensive, broad, roomy.2 ample, generous, broad, free-handed.3 wide, diverse, varied.4 liberal-minded, liberal, tolerant, all-round.5 spacious, capacious.6 free-ranging.* * *► adjetivo1 (extenso) large2 (espacioso) roomy, spacious3 (ancho) wide, broad4 (holgado) loose\en el sentido más amplio de la palabra in the broadest sense of the word* * *(f. - amplia)adj.ample, wide, spacious* * *ADJ1) (=espacioso) [habitación, interior] spacious; [avenida, calle] widecompró una amplia extensión de terreno — he bought a vast tract o stretch of land
2) [ropa] loose(-fitting), roomy *; [falda] full3) [margen] widelos socialistas ganaron las elecciones por amplia mayoría — the socialists won the election with a large majority
4) [conocimiento, vocabulario, poder, gama] wide, extensiveun amplio surtido de productos — a wide o extensive range of products
5) [sentido] broad6) [repercusión] far-reachingla noticia tuvo amplia difusión o amplio eco en la prensa — the news was widely o extensively reported
su novela tuvo amplia resonancia entre los intelectuales — his novel had great influence among the intellectuals
7) [informe] full, detailed* * *- plia adjetivoa) <calle/valle/margen> wide; < casa> spacious; <vestido/abrigo> loose-fittingb) <criterio/sentido> broadc) <garantías/programa> comprehensive* * *= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], extensive, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], wide-sweeping, widespread, broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.], ample, capacious, widespan, wide-reaching, expansive, extended, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], wide-angle(d), loose fit, roomy [roomier -comp., roomiest -sup.].Ex. If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.Ex. The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex. Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.Ex. Surely these innovations already have and will continue to bring deep and wide-sweeping change to our profession - and because of their rapidity, these changes will be sudden and often tumultuous.Ex. Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex. In the questionnaire young people answered that the bookshops in their town were airy, well-lit and very pleasant shops to visit.Ex. The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.Ex. This is an efficient method of storing large amounts of programs and data, which is faster, more reliable and much more capacious than the floppy disc.Ex. With no other type of structure is it possible to obtain clear, widespan coverage of almost unlimited areas, translucency to permit uniform daylight, and transportability or relocatability.Ex. Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.Ex. The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.Ex. The brief abstracts and extended abstracts of papers, not published in full in the proceedings, are excluded.Ex. Located in an isolated section of the Southwest, Los Pasos sits under the brassy sun on a wide plain below a low range of hills.Ex. Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.Ex. His offices and warehouses were one of the first designs which was subsequently described as loose fit, low energy building.Ex. With roomy interiors and flexible seating, minivans are some of the most versatile vehicles for carrying passengers and cargo.----* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.* demasiado amplio = overwide [over-wide].* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.* en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.* en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.* horario de apertura más amplio = extended hours.* una amplia gama de = a wide variety of, a wide range of, a broad variety of, a broad range of.* una amplia variedad de = a broad variety of, a wide range of, a broad range of.* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).* * *- plia adjetivoa) <calle/valle/margen> wide; < casa> spacious; <vestido/abrigo> loose-fittingb) <criterio/sentido> broadc) <garantías/programa> comprehensive* * *= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], extensive, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], wide-sweeping, widespread, broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.], ample, capacious, widespan, wide-reaching, expansive, extended, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], wide-angle(d), loose fit, roomy [roomier -comp., roomiest -sup.].Ex: If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.
Ex: The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.Ex: Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.Ex: Surely these innovations already have and will continue to bring deep and wide-sweeping change to our profession - and because of their rapidity, these changes will be sudden and often tumultuous.Ex: Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex: In the questionnaire young people answered that the bookshops in their town were airy, well-lit and very pleasant shops to visit.Ex: The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.Ex: This is an efficient method of storing large amounts of programs and data, which is faster, more reliable and much more capacious than the floppy disc.Ex: With no other type of structure is it possible to obtain clear, widespan coverage of almost unlimited areas, translucency to permit uniform daylight, and transportability or relocatability.Ex: Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.Ex: The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.Ex: The brief abstracts and extended abstracts of papers, not published in full in the proceedings, are excluded.Ex: Located in an isolated section of the Southwest, Los Pasos sits under the brassy sun on a wide plain below a low range of hills.Ex: Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.Ex: His offices and warehouses were one of the first designs which was subsequently described as loose fit, low energy building.Ex: With roomy interiors and flexible seating, minivans are some of the most versatile vehicles for carrying passengers and cargo.* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.* demasiado amplio = overwide [over-wide].* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.* en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.* en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.* horario de apertura más amplio = extended hours.* una amplia gama de = a wide variety of, a wide range of, a broad variety of, a broad range of.* una amplia variedad de = a broad variety of, a wide range of, a broad range of.* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).* * *1 ‹calle› wide; ‹valle› wide, broad; ‹casa› spacious; ‹vestido/abrigo› loose-fitting; ‹falda/manga› fullcon una amplia sonrisa with a broad smile2 ‹criterio› broad; ‹margen› wideen el sentido amplio de la palabra in the broad sense of the wordpor amplia mayoría by a large majoritytiene amplias facultades para decidir sobre este punto he has full authority to make a decision on this pointuna amplia gama de colores a wide range of colorsles ofrecemos las más amplias garantías we offer comprehensive guarantees o the fullest possible guaranteesun tema que tuvo una amplia difusión an issue that received wide media coverageun amplio programa de reformas a full o wide-ranging o comprehensive program of reforms* * *
Del verbo ampliar: ( conjugate ampliar)
amplío es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
amplió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
ampliar
amplio
ampliar ( conjugate ampliar) verbo transitivo
‹ negocio› to expand
‹ explicación› to expand (on);
‹ campo de acción› to widen, broaden;
amplio◊ - plia adjetivo
‹ casa› spacious;
‹vestido/abrigo› loose-fitting;
‹ sonrisa› broad
una amplia gama de colores a wide range of colors
ampliar verbo transitivo
1 (hacer más largo un plazo) to extend
2 (hacer más grande un edificio) to enlarge
3 (extender un negocio) to expand
4 (una fotografía) to enlarge, to blow up
5 (el campo de acción) to widen: los sindicatos proponen ampliar las sanciones a los defraudadores, the unions propose greater penalties for those committing fraud
amplio,-a adjetivo
1 large, roomy
2 (ancho, profundo, variado) wide, broad ➣ Ver nota en ancho
' amplio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amplia
- ancha
- ancho
- dilatada
- dilatado
- espectro
- nave
English:
ample
- extensive
- large
- roomy
- spacious
- sweep
- vocabulary
- wide
- all
- broad
- comfortable
- smock
- sweeping
* * *amplio, -a adj1. [grande] [sala, maletero] roomy, spacious;[avenida] wide;una amplio sonrisa a broad smile2. [ropa] loose3. [extenso] [explicación, cobertura] comprehensive;[ventaja, capacidad] considerable;en el sentido más amplio de la palabra in the broadest sense of the word;ganaron por una amplia mayoría they won with a large majority;hubo un amplio consenso there was a broad consensus;ofrecen una amplia gama de servicios they offer a wide range of services;gozan de una amplia aceptación they enjoy widespread approval;tiene una amplia experiencia she has wide-ranging experience* * ** * *: broad, wide, ample♦ ampliamente adj* * *amplio adj1. (gama, margen) wide2. (valor, cantidad) large3. (espacioso) spacious -
8 применение
(= приложение, использование) application, use, employment, utilization• В качестве примера применения описанного выше метода мы показываем, что... - As an example of the method described above we show that...• В этом параграфе мы иллюстрируем применение (чего-л). - In this section we illustrate the application of...• Важное применение данных принципов обнаруживается в... - An important application of these principles is to be found in...• Дальнейшее применение соотношения (1) показывает, что... - Further application of (1) shows that...• Данный результат также может быть получен применением... - This result can also be obtained by the application of...• Конечно, нам следует быть внимательными при применении... - We must, of course, be careful in applying...• Непосредственное применение теоремы 1 приводит к заключению, что... - A direct application of Theorem 1 yields...• Однако поскольку данная формула слишком сложна для практического применения, мы будем... - Since, however, this formula is too complicated for practical purposes, we shall...• Оценка, предоставляемая соотношением (3), имеет ограниченное применение... - The bound provided by (3) is of limited use because it involves the unknowns...• Повторное применение соотношения (1) дает соотношение (2). - Repeated application of (1) gives (2).• Применение второго закона Ньютона дает... - An application of Newton's second law gives...• Применение данного метода ограничено... - The application of this method is confined to...• Применение данного метода показывает... - An application of this process shows...• Применение данного специального метода оправдано (чем-л). - The adoption of this particular method is justified by...• Применение данной теории к частным случаям требует... - The application of the theory to particular cases requires...• Следующим шагом было применение идеи... - The next step was to apply the idea of...• Эта задача решается с помощью применения... - The problem is solved by applying...• Эта техника готова для применения к... - The technique lends itself readily to...• Это довольно типичное применение... - This is a rather typical use of...• Это неверное применение... - This is a misapplication of... -
9 High Draft
The term "High Draft" came into prominence in 1913 with the appearance in Spain of the Casablancas mechanism for drafting in cotton spinning. This mechanism, owing to an increased and improved control over the fibres, was capable of drafts about four times higher than the normal. The new method was called " high draft " to distinguish it from the existing method which only gave usual or " low " drafts. Since 1913 many other high draft systems have been introduced, all aiming at controlling the fibres - particularly the shorter ones - as much and as adequately as possible. The utilisation of these improved methods of fibre control has other important advantages besides the saving in machinery and labour accruing from the higher drafts performed. The strength of the yarn is generally increased and its appearance improved. A good high draft system will also spin finer counts from a given cotton, or a standard quality of yarn from a lower and cheaper cotton. The adoption of the high drafting principle has been an important feature in the progress of cotton spinning machinery in recent years, and - almost without exception - new machines are now supplied by all textile machinists with high drafting on. -
10 Jobard, Jean-Baptiste-Ambroise Marcelin
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 14 May 1792 Baissey, Haute-Marne, Franced. 27 October 1861 Brussels, Belgium[br]French technologist, promoter of Belgian industry.[br]After attending schools in Langres and Dijon, Jobard worked in Groningen and Maastricht as a cadastral officer from 1811 onwards. After the Netherlands had been constituted as a new state in 1814, he became a Dutch citizen in 1815 and settled in Brussels. In 1825, when he had learned of the invention of lithography by Alois Senefelder, he retired and established a renowned lithographic workshop in Belgium, with considerable commercial profit. After the political changes which led to the separation of Belgium from the Netherlands in 1830, he devoted his activities to the progress of science and industry in this country, in the traditional idea of enlightenment. His main aim was to promote all branches of the young economy, to which he contributed with ceaseless energy. He cultivated especially the transfer of technology in many articles he wrote on his various journeys, such as to Britain, France, Germany and Switzerland, and he continued to do so when he became the Director of the Museum of Industry in Brussels in 1841, editing its Bulletin until his death. Jobard, as a member of societies for the encouragement of arts and industry in many countries, published on almost any subject and produced many inventions. Being a restless character by nature, and having, in addition, a strong attitude towards designing and constructing, he also contributed to mining technology in 1828 when he was the first European to practise successfully the Chinese method of rope drilling near Brussels.[br]Bibliography1840, Plan d'organisation du Musée de l'industrie, présenté au Ministre de l'interieur, Brussels.1844, Machines à vapeur, arrêtes et instructions, Brussels.1846, Comment la Belgique peut devenir industrielle, à propos de la Société d'exportation, Brussels.considérées comme blason de l'industrie et du commerce, dédié à la Société des inventeurs et protecteurs de l'industrie, Brussels.1855, Discours prononcé à l'assemblée des industriels réunis pour l'adoption de la marque obligatoire, Paris.Further ReadingH.Blémont, 1991, article in Dictionnaire de biographie française, Paris, pp. 676–7 (for a short account of his life).A.Siret, 1888–9, article in Biographie nationale de belgique, Vol. X, Brussels, col. 494– 500 (provides an impressive description of his restless character and a selected bibliography of his many publications.T.Tecklenburg, 1900, Handbuch der Tiefbohrkunde, 2nd edn, Vol. IV, Berlin, pp. 7–8 (contains detailed information on his method of rope drilling).WKBiographical history of technology > Jobard, Jean-Baptiste-Ambroise Marcelin
-
11 Ward, Joshua
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1685d. 21 November 1761 London, England[br]English doctor and industrial chemist.[br]Ward is perhaps better described as a "quack" than a medical doctor. His remedies, one containing a dangerous quantity of antimony, were dubious to say the least. A fraudulent attempt to enter Parliament in 1717 forced him to leave the country quickly. After his pardon in 1733, he returned to London and established a successful practice. His medical prowess is immortalized in Hogarth's picture The Harlot's Progress.Sulphuric acid had been an important chemical for centuries and Ward found that he needed large quantities of it to make his remedies. He set up works to manufacture it at Twickenham, near London, in 1736 and then at Richmond three years later. His process consisted of burning a mixture of saltpetre (nitre; potassium nitrate) and sulphur in the neck of a large glass globe containing a little water. Dilute sulphuric acid was thereby formed, which was concentrated by distillation. Although the method was not new, having been described in the seventeenth century by the German chemist Johann Glauber, Ward was granted a patent for his process in 1749. An important feature was the size of the globes, which had no less than fifty gallons' capacity, which must have entailed considerable skill on the part of the glassblowers. Through the adoption of Ward's process, the price of this essential commodity fell from £2 per pound to only 2 shillings. It provided the best method of manufacture until the advent of the lead-chamber process invented by John Roebuck.[br]Further ReadingA.Clow and N.Clow, 1952, The Chemical Revolution: A Contribution to Social Technology, London: Batch worth.C.Singer et al. (eds), 1958, A History of Technology, 7 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, Vol. IV.LRD -
12 приём
1) General subject: acceptance, administration, admission, admittance, appointment (у врача), bout, consultation, crush (гостей), device, dodge, dose, draught, engagement, enlistment, enrolment (в члены организации, в школу), entertainment (гостей), expedient, guest-night, intake, levee (гостей), method, movement, procedure, public function (часто public или social function), quarter, receiving (сигналов), receiving line, reception, recipiency, sitting, social, social function (официальный приём гостей), stroke, stroke-oar, surgery (у врача), tack, taking, welcome, welcome (гостя), wingding, audience, (при переговорах по рации) 10-4, ten-four (http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=10-4), sleight (в борьбе, в самообороне), skill (в комп. играх. - боевой прием), court (светский), gathering (собрание), admitting, ruse, pattern, know-how (some contexts), gimmick, presort2) Aviation: aural reception, over3) Medicine: attendance (у врача), maneuver, practice, (препарата) contact6) Military: modality, (строевой) movement, pickup, reception (пополнений), social gathering8) Agriculture: acceptance (напр. пищи), practice (ы)9) Construction: observation, (рабочий) technique10) Mathematics: mode, stage, step, stratagem, subterfuge11) Railway term: after admission12) Law: technique13) Economy: employment (на работу), enrollment (в члены организации), technics14) Accounting: admission (в товарищество; partnership; Противоположным является withdrawal выход (из товарищества))15) Architecture: way16) Diplomatic term: equivocation, greeting, ploy, reception (гостей, официальных представителей и т.п.), stunt, welcome (гостей)17) Forestry: felling (in shelterwood system)18) Telecommunications: stacking19) Textile: taking-in21) Information technology: accepting, hook, recept, registration23) Sociology: party24) Astronautics: receive25) Geophysics: recording26) Police term: out (сигнал окончания сеанса связи)27) Advertising: enrollment28) Business: guest night29) Network technologies: Receive data (Стандартный аппаратный сигнал RS-232C для переноса данных от одного устройства к другому. Обозначается также Rx или Rxd), hookup30) Polymers: collection (волокна)31) Automation: (технологический) process32) Chemical weapons: charging, loading, techniques33) Makarov: administration (лекарственного средства), admission (в организацию, учебное заведение и т.п.), adoption, approach, dose (лекарственного средства), enrollment (в члены организации, в школу и т.п.), intake (лекарственного средства), maneuver (процедура, манёвр), reception (больных), recipience, social (членов клуба, общества), strategy, twist, whing-ding34) Security: reception (информации; сигналов) -
13 прием
1) General subject: acceptance, administration, admission, admittance, appointment (у врача), bout, consultation, crush (гостей), device, dodge, dose, draught, engagement, enlistment, enrolment (в члены организации, в школу), entertainment (гостей), expedient, guest-night, intake, levee (гостей), method, movement, procedure, public function (часто public или social function), quarter, receiving (сигналов), receiving line, reception, recipiency, sitting, social, social function (официальный приём гостей), stroke, stroke-oar, surgery (у врача), tack, taking, welcome, welcome (гостя), wingding, audience, (при переговорах по рации) 10-4, ten-four (http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=10-4), sleight (в борьбе, в самообороне), skill (в комп. играх. - боевой прием), court (светский), gathering (собрание), admitting, ruse, pattern, know-how (some contexts), gimmick, presort2) Aviation: aural reception, over3) Medicine: attendance (у врача), maneuver, practice, (препарата) contact6) Military: modality, (строевой) movement, pickup, reception (пополнений), social gathering8) Agriculture: acceptance (напр. пищи), practice (ы)9) Construction: observation, (рабочий) technique10) Mathematics: mode, stage, step, stratagem, subterfuge11) Railway term: after admission12) Law: technique13) Economy: employment (на работу), enrollment (в члены организации), technics14) Accounting: admission (в товарищество; partnership; Противоположным является withdrawal выход (из товарищества))15) Architecture: way16) Diplomatic term: equivocation, greeting, ploy, reception (гостей, официальных представителей и т.п.), stunt, welcome (гостей)17) Forestry: felling (in shelterwood system)18) Telecommunications: stacking19) Textile: taking-in21) Information technology: accepting, hook, recept, registration23) Sociology: party24) Astronautics: receive25) Geophysics: recording26) Police term: out (сигнал окончания сеанса связи)27) Advertising: enrollment28) Business: guest night29) Network technologies: Receive data (Стандартный аппаратный сигнал RS-232C для переноса данных от одного устройства к другому. Обозначается также Rx или Rxd), hookup30) Polymers: collection (волокна)31) Automation: (технологический) process32) Chemical weapons: charging, loading, techniques33) Makarov: administration (лекарственного средства), admission (в организацию, учебное заведение и т.п.), adoption, approach, dose (лекарственного средства), enrollment (в члены организации, в школу и т.п.), intake (лекарственного средства), maneuver (процедура, манёвр), reception (больных), recipience, social (членов клуба, общества), strategy, twist, whing-ding34) Security: reception (информации; сигналов) -
14 прием
1) receiving
2) acceptance
3) reception
4) (официальный ужин)
reception
5) dose* * ** * *receiving; reception; consultation* * *acceptanceadmittanceadoptionappointmentdeviceentertainmentgreetingintakeleveemethodreceptionwelcome -
15 ποίησις
A fabrication, creation, production, opp. πρᾶξις (action, v. Arist. EN 1140a2, Pol. 1254a5), [ μύρου] Hdt.3.22;νεῶν Th.3.2
, etc.;ἡ τῶν ζῴων π. Pl.Smp. 197a
;ἡ τῶν μελῶν π. Id.Grg. 449d
;μίμησις π. τίς ἐστιν, εἰδώλων μέντοι Id.Sph. 265b
, etc.;αἱ ὑπὸ πάσαις ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι ποιήσεις εἰσί Id.Smp. 205b
.2 of Poetry, ἡ τῶν διθυράμβων π., τῆς τραγῳδίας, τῶν ἐπῶν, Pherecr.145.10, Pl.Grg. 502a, 502b, R. 394c: abs., art of poetry,οἱ ἐν π. γενόμενοι Hdt.2.82
, cf. Ar.Ra. 868, etc.;οὕτως.. ἀταλαιπώρως ἡ π. διέκειτο Id.Fr. 254
; οἱ ἄκροι τῆς π. ἑκατέρας, i.e. tragedy and comedy, Pl.Tht. 152e;ᾠδαὶ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη π. Id.Phdr. 245a
; π. ψιλὴ ἢ ἐν ᾠδῇ ib. 278c.b poetic composition, poem,ἐς ποίησιν ἐσενείκασθαι Hdt.2.23
, cf. Th.1.10, etc.; : pl., Id.Lg. 829e.II = εἰσποίησις, adoption, in pl., Is.7.1, D.44.7, al.; κατὰ ποίησιν ibid., Michel836.5 (Didyma, ii B.C.);ποιήσει υἱοί D.H.4.7
;τῇ παρ' ὑμῶν π. πολίτης D.20.30
.2 in collect. sense, those adopted,τῆς π. ἣν ἐκεῖνος ἐποιήσατο Id.44.61
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ποίησις
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16 Six Sigma
Opsa data-driven method for achieving near perfect quality. Sigma is the Greek letter used to denote standard deviation, or measure of variation from the mean, which in production terms is used to imply defect. The greater the number of sigmas, the fewer the defects. In true Six Sigma environments, companies operate at a quality level of six standard deviations from the mean, or at a defect level of 3.4 per million. Six Sigma analysis can be focused upon any part of production or service activities, and has a strong emphasis on statistical analysis in design, manufacturing, and customer-oriented activities. It is based on statistical tools and techniques of quality management developed by Joseph Juran. It was pioneered in the United States by Motorola, and subsequently became much more popular in the 1990s after its adoption by General Electric under Jack Welch. -
17 Evans, Oliver
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 13 September 1755 Newport, Delaware, USAd. 15 April 1819 New York, USA[br]American millwright and inventor of the first automatic corn mill.[br]He was the fifth child of Charles and Ann Stalcrop Evans, and by the age of 15 he had four sisters and seven brothers. Nothing is known of his schooling, but at the age of 17 he was apprenticed to a Newport wheelwright and wagon-maker. At 19 he was enrolled in a Delaware Militia Company in the Revolutionary War but did not see active service. About this time he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. In July 1782, with his younger brother, Joseph, he moved to Tuckahoe on the eastern shore of the Delaware River, where he had the basic idea of the automatic flour mill. In July 1782, with his elder brothers John and Theophilus, he bought part of his father's Newport farm, on Red Clay Creek, and planned to build a mill there. In 1793 he married Sarah Tomlinson, daughter of a Delaware farmer, and joined his brothers at Red Clay Creek. He worked there for some seven years on his automatic mill, from about 1783 to 1790.His system for the automatic flour mill consisted of bucket elevators to raise the grain, a horizontal screw conveyor, other conveying devices and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together these components formed the automatic process, from incoming wheat to outgoing flour packed in barrels. At that time the idea of such automation had not been applied to any manufacturing process in America. The mill opened, on a non-automatic cycle, in 1785. In January 1786 Evans applied to the Delaware legislature for a twenty-five-year patent, which was granted on 30 January 1787 although there was much opposition from the Quaker millers of Wilmington and elsewhere. He also applied for patents in Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Hampshire. In May 1789 he went to see the mill of the four Ellicot brothers, near Baltimore, where he was impressed by the design of a horizontal screw conveyor by Jonathan Ellicot and exchanged the rights to his own elevator for those of this machine. After six years' work on his automatic mill, it was completed in 1790. In the autumn of that year a miller in Brandywine ordered a set of Evans's machinery, which set the trend toward its general adoption. A model of it was shown in the Market Street shop window of Robert Leslie, a watch-and clockmaker in Philadelphia, who also took it to England but was unsuccessful in selling the idea there.In 1790 the Federal Plant Laws were passed; Evans's patent was the third to come within the new legislation. A detailed description with a plate was published in a Philadelphia newspaper in January 1791, the first of a proposed series, but the paper closed and the series came to nothing. His brother Joseph went on a series of sales trips, with the result that some machinery of Evans's design was adopted. By 1792 over one hundred mills had been equipped with Evans's machinery, the millers paying a royalty of $40 for each pair of millstones in use. The series of articles that had been cut short formed the basis of Evans's The Young Millwright and Miller's Guide, published first in 1795 after Evans had moved to Philadelphia to set up a store selling milling supplies; it was 440 pages long and ran to fifteen editions between 1795 and 1860.Evans was fairly successful as a merchant. He patented a method of making millstones as well as a means of packing flour in barrels, the latter having a disc pressed down by a toggle-joint arrangement. In 1801 he started to build a steam carriage. He rejected the idea of a steam wheel and of a low-pressure or atmospheric engine. By 1803 his first engine was running at his store, driving a screw-mill working on plaster of Paris for making millstones. The engine had a 6 in. (15 cm) diameter cylinder with a stroke of 18 in. (45 cm) and also drove twelve saws mounted in a frame and cutting marble slabs at a rate of 100 ft (30 m) in twelve hours. He was granted a patent in the spring of 1804. He became involved in a number of lawsuits following the extension of his patent, particularly as he increased the licence fee, sometimes as much as sixfold. The case of Evans v. Samuel Robinson, which Evans won, became famous and was one of these. Patent Right Oppression Exposed, or Knavery Detected, a 200-page book with poems and prose included, was published soon after this case and was probably written by Oliver Evans. The steam engine patent was also extended for a further seven years, but in this case the licence fee was to remain at a fixed level. Evans anticipated Edison in his proposal for an "Experimental Company" or "Mechanical Bureau" with a capital of thirty shares of $100 each. It came to nothing, however, as there were no takers. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1816 and he remarried, to Hetty Ward, the daughter of a New York innkeeper. He was buried in the Bowery, on Lower Manhattan; the church was sold in 1854 and again in 1890, and when no relative claimed his body he was reburied in an unmarked grave in Trinity Cemetery, 57th Street, Broadway.[br]Further ReadingE.S.Ferguson, 1980, Oliver Evans: Inventive Genius of the American Industrial Revolution, Hagley Museum.G.Bathe and D.Bathe, 1935, Oliver Evans: Chronicle of Early American Engineering, Philadelphia, Pa.IMcN -
18 Freyssinet, Eugène
[br]b. 13 July 1879 Objat, Corrèze, Franced. 8 June 1962 Saint-Martin Vésubié, France[br]French civil engineer who is generally recognized as the originator of pre-stressed reinforced concrete.[br]Eugène Freyssinet was an army engineer during the First World War who pioneered pre-stressed reinforced concrete and experimented with building concrete bridges. After 1918 he formed his own company to develop his ideas. He investigated the possibilities of very high-strength concrete, and in so doing studied shrinkage and creep. He combined high-quality concrete with highly stressed, stretched steel to give top quality results. His work in 1926 on Plougastel Bridge, at that time the longest reinforced concrete bridge, is a notable example of his use of this technique. In 1916 Freyssinet had built his famous airship hangars at Orly, which were destroyed in the Second World War; the hangars were roofed in parabolic sections to a height of about 200 ft. In 1934 he succeeded in saving the Ocean Terminal at Le Havre from sinking into the mud and being covered by the sea by using his pre-stressing techniques. By 1938 he had developed a superior method of pre-stressing with steel which led to widespread adoption of his methods.[br]Further ReadingC.C.Stanley, 1979, Highlights in the History of Concrete, Cement and Concrete Association.1977, Who's Who in Architecture, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.DY -
19 Pasley, General Sir Charles William
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 8 September 1780 Eskdalemuir, Dumfriesshire, Scotlandd. 19 April 1861 London, England[br]Scottish Colonel-Commandant, Royal Engineers.[br]At first he was educated by Andrew Little of Lan-gholm. At the age of 14 he was sent to school at Selkirk, where he stayed for two years until joining the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in August 1796. He was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery and transferred to the Royal Engineers on 1 April 1798. He served at Minorca, Malta, Naples, Sicily, Calabria and in the siege of Copenhagen and in other campaigns. He was promoted First Captain in 1807, and was on the staff of Sir John Moore at the battle of Coruna. He was wounded at the siege of Flushing in 1809 and was invalided for a year, employing his time in learning German.In November 1810 he published his Essay on Military Policy and Institutions of the British Empire, which ran through four editions. In 1811 he was in command of a company of Royal Military Artificers at Plymouth and there he devised a method of education by which the NCOs and troops could teach themselves without "mathematical masters". His system was a great success and was adopted at Chatham and throughout the corps. In 1812 he was appointed Director of the School of Military Engineering at Chatham. He remained at Chatham until 1841, when he was appointed Inspector-General of Railways. During this period he organized improved systems of sapping, mining, telegraphing, pontooning and exploding gunpowder on land or under water, and prepared pamphlets and courses of instruction in these and other subjects. In May 1836 he started what is probably the most important work for which he is remembered. This, was a book on Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortar, Stuccos and Concretes. The general adoption of Joseph Aspdin's Portland Cement was largely due to Pasley's recommendation of the material.He was married twice: first in 1814 at Chatham to Harriet Cooper; and then on 30 March 1819 at Rochester to Martha Matilda Roberts, with whom he had six children— she died in 1881.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKGB 1846. FRS 1816. Honorary DCL, Oxford University 1844.Bibliography1810, Essay on Military Policy and Institutions of the British Empire. Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortar, Stuccos and Concretes.Further ReadingPorter, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers. DNB. Proceedings of the Royal Society.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Pasley, General Sir Charles William
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